![]() With nouns, it is a matter of familiar collocation or of emphasis. When the object is a pronoun, the particle is usually placed afterwards. if they have an object, the particle may come either before or after the object of the verb.Ĭ. These verbs can be transitive or intransitive. The resulting two-word verbs are single semantic units, so grow up and give in are listed as discrete entries in modern dictionaries. In these examples, the common verbs grow and give are expanded by the particles up and in. In older grammars, the particle was usually analyzed as an adverb. ![]() The particle is thus integrally collocated with the verb. ![]() Particle verbs (phrasal verbs in the strict sense) are two-word verbs composed of a simple verb and a particle extension that modifies its meaning. Since a prepositional phrase can complement a particle verb, some explanations distinguish three types of phrasal verb constructions depending on whether the verb combines with a particle, a preposition phrase, or both, though the third type is not a distinct linguistic phenomenon. Others include verbs with prepositions under the same category and distinguish particle verbs and prepositional verbs as two types of phrasal verbs. Some textbooks restrict the term to verbs with particles in order to distinguish phrasal verbs from prepositional verbs. The category "phrasal verb" is mainly used in English as a second language teaching. 5 Similar structures in other languages.1.3 Verb + particle + preposition (particle-prepositional verbs). ![]() 1.2 Verb + preposition (prepositional verbs).Phrasal verbs are differentiated from other classifications of multi-word verbs and free combinations by criteria based on idiomaticity, replacement by a single-word verb, wh-question formation and particle movement. Phrasal verbs that entail a preposition are known as prepositional verbs, and phrasal verbs that entail a particle are also known as particle verbs. Īlternative terms for phrasal verb are verb-adverb combination, verb-particle construction, two-part word/verb or three-part word/verb (depending on the number of particles) and multi-word verb. In other words, the meaning is non- compositional and thus unpredictable. Phrasal verbs ordinarily cannot be understood based upon the meanings of the individual parts alone but must be considered as a whole. In the traditional grammar of Modern English, a phrasal verb typically constitutes a single semantic unit composed of a verb followed by a particle (examples: turn down, run into or sit up), sometimes combined with a preposition (examples: get together with, run out of or feed off of).Īdditionally, some archaic phrasal verbs, as preserved from Middle English, comprise a nominal word interposed between a verb and an adverb, for example: "do (someone) good", "serve (someone) right", or "fare thee well". ![]()
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